Many breast cancer survivors may have concerns about how the illness may affect their overall health, especially if they experience cognitive changes during or after treatment. Halle Moore, MD, Director of Breast Medical Oncology in the Department of Hematology and Oncology at Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute and Co-Director of the Cleveland Clinic Comprehensive Breast Cancer Program, discusses what you need to know.
Read the interview with Halle Moore, MD, below.
WAM: Is there research showing that there is a link between breast cancer and Alzheimer’s disease risk?
Dr. Moore: While individuals treated for breast cancer may be at risk for cognitive changes, there is no convincing evidence that breast cancer or its treatment increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
WAM: Many women complain about having “brain fog” or “chemo brain” after receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. What is “chemo brain,” and how is it different from the kind of cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer’s disease? Is it permanent or can the brain heal after chemotherapy?
Dr. Moore: “Chemo brain” is now often referred to as cancer-related cognitive impairment and refers to either subjective or objective decline in cognitive function associated with cancer or its treatment. Patients may notice problems with concentration, memory or word finding. While chemotherapy and hormonal treatments for cancer can affect cognitive function, some studies have documented cognitive changes at the time of cancer diagnosis, even prior to these treatments. While Alzheimer’s disease tends to be progressive, cancer-related cognitive impairment is typically milder and will often stabilize or improve with time. While some individuals experience persistent symptoms, many will note improvement upon completion of cancer treatments.
WAM: Are certain breast cancer treatments (chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation) more likely than others to affect long-term brain health?
Dr. Moore: Both chemotherapy and hormonal treatments for breast cancer have been associated with cognitive changes. Radiation is less likely to affect long-term brain health unless the radiation is to the brain in which case cognitive changes can be a concern.
WAM: Should breast cancer survivors be doing anything different to protect their cognitive health during or after treatment?
Dr. Moore: Being physically active appears to be beneficial for cognitive function, perhaps through reducing inflammation. It is also important to address other health issues that may be contributing to the cognitive changes such as poor sleep, fatigue, anxiety/depression, endocrine problems, alcohol/other substance use or ongoing medications that can affect cognitive function. Cognitive rehabilitation programs can also be helpful for those experiencing cognitive symptoms.